(a) The organisational structure defines the communications pattern, the control system and the command structure. The traditional hierarchical structure provides certainty, clarity and clearly. Such a structure defines:
o the communication pathways; the scalar principle provides an unbroken vertical communication line
o the linking mechanisms between management roles
o the allocation of formal responsibilities and authority
o the co-ordinating structure
o the relationships between departments, tasks and people and their duties
o the power structure; where power, control and decision making exists; strong leadership is possible
o management roles and official tasks
o the functional distinction between departments
o specialisation in departments, skills and management; procedures can be standardized
o unity of command; one superior and one source of influence
o the exception principle; decisions can be programmed and planning can form the basis of management
o decisions are made from the perspective of the whole organization
